25 MCQ based on oscillation with answer and explanation.
1. Which of the following is the correct definition of oscillation?
A. Motion that occurs in a straight line
B. Motion that occurs in a circular path
C. Periodic motion that repeats itself after a fixed interval of time
D. Motion that occurs in a random direction
Answer: C. Periodic motion that repeats itself after a fixed interval of time.
Explanation: Oscillation is defined as a repetitive motion that occurs around an equilibrium point, where the system moves back and forth periodically.
2. Which of the following is an example of an oscillatory motion?
A. A car moving in a straight line
B. A ball rolling down a hill
C. A pendulum swinging back and forth
D. A rocket launching into space
Answer: C. A pendulum swinging back and forth.
Explanation: A pendulum is an example of an oscillatory motion, where the motion repeats itself after a fixed interval of time.
3. Which of the following is not a characteristic of oscillatory motion?
A. Amplitude
B. Period
C. Frequency
D. Velocity
Answer: D. Velocity.
Explanation: Although velocity is an important parameter in describing motion, it is not a characteristic of oscillatory motion. The key characteristics of oscillatory motion are amplitude, period, and frequency.
4. The time taken for one complete oscillation is called the:
A. Amplitude
B. Frequency
C. Period
D. Wavelength
Answer: C. Period.
Explanation: The period is the time taken for one complete oscillation or cycle of motion.
5. The number of complete oscillations per unit time is called the:
A. Amplitude
B. Frequency
C. Period
D. Wavelength
Answer: B. Frequency.
Explanation: The frequency is the number of complete oscillations per unit time, measured in Hertz (Hz).
6. Which of the following equations represents the relationship between frequency and period of an oscillating system?
A. Frequency = Period
B. Frequency = 1/Period
C. Period = 1/Frequency
D. Period = Frequency
Answer: C. Period = 1/Frequency.
Explanation: The period and frequency of an oscillating system are inversely proportional to each other. This can be expressed mathematically as T = 1/f, where T is the period and f is the frequency.
7. The maximum displacement of an oscillating system from its equilibrium position is called the:
A. Amplitude
B. Frequency
C. Period
D. Wavelength
Answer: A. Amplitude.
Explanation: The amplitude is the maximum displacement of an oscillating system from its equilibrium position.
8. The rate of change of displacement of an oscillating system is called the:
A. Amplitude
B. Frequency
C. Period
D. Velocity
Answer: D. Velocity.
Explanation: The velocity is the rate of change of displacement of an oscillating system, measured in meters per second (m/s).
9. Which of the following is an example of forced oscillation?
A. A pendulum swinging freely
B. A guitar string vibrating when plucked
C. A tuning fork vibrating at its natural frequency
D. A car suspension system vibrating due to road bumps
Answer: D. A car suspension system vibrating due to road bumps.
Explanation: Forced oscillation is when an external force is applied to an oscillating system, causing it to vibrate at a frequency different from its natural frequency. The car suspension system vibrating due to road bumps is an example of forced oscillation.
10. Which of the following is an example of damped oscillation?
A. A pendulum swinging freely
B. A guitar string vibrating when plucked
C. A mass on a spring vibrating in the absence of any external forces
D. A car suspension system vibrating due to road bumps
Answer: A. A pendulum swinging freely.
Explanation: Damped oscillation is when the amplitude of an oscillating system gradually decreases over time due to the presence of a damping force. A pendulum swinging freely is an example of damped oscillation as the amplitude of its motion gradually decreases due to air resistance.
11. Which of the following is an example of resonance?
A. A pendulum swinging freely
B. A guitar string vibrating when plucked
C. A tuning fork vibrating at its natural frequency
D. A car suspension system vibrating due to road bumps
Answer: C. A tuning fork vibrating at its natural frequency.
Explanation: Resonance is a phenomenon where an oscillating system vibrates at its natural frequency in response to an external force of the same frequency. A tuning fork vibrating at its natural frequency is an example of resonance.
12. The restoring force in an oscillating system is proportional to:
A. The amplitude of the oscillation
B. The period of the oscillation
C. The frequency of the oscillation
D. The displacement from equilibrium
Answer: D. The displacement from equilibrium.
Explanation: The restoring force in an oscillating system is proportional to the displacement of the system from its equilibrium position. This is known as Hooke's Law.
13.The frequency of a simple pendulum depends on:
A. The length of the pendulum and the mass of the bob
B. The amplitude of the oscillation and the mass of the bob
C. The length of the pendulum and the acceleration due to gravity
D. The amplitude of the oscillation and the frequency of the external force
Answer: C. The length of the pendulum and the acceleration due to gravity.
Explanation: The frequency of a simple pendulum is dependent on the length of the pendulum and the acceleration due to gravity. This relationship can be expressed as f = 1/(2π)√(g/L), where f is the frequency, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and L is the length of the pendulum.
14. The frequency of a mass-spring system depends on:
A. The mass of the object and the stiffness of the spring
B. The amplitude of the oscillation and the frequency of the external force
C. The length of the spring and the acceleration due to gravity
D. The mass of the object and the displacement from equilibrium
Answer: A. The mass of the object and the stiffness of the spring.
Explanation: The frequency of a mass-spring system is dependent on the mass of the object and the stiffness of the spring. This relationship can be expressed as f = 1/(2π)√(k/m), where f is the frequency, k is the spring constant, and m is the mass of the object.
15. The period of a simple harmonic motion is:
A. Constant
B. Variable
C. Zero
D. Infinite
Answer: A. Constant.
Explanation: The period of a simple harmonic motion is constant, regardless of the amplitude of the motion.
16. The energy of an oscillating system is:
A. Constant
B. Increasing
C. Decreasing
D. Zero
Answer: A. Constant.
Explanation: The energy of an oscillating system is constant, as energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred between different forms.
17. The phase difference between two oscillating systems is:
A. The time difference between their oscillations
B. The amplitude difference between their oscillations
C. The frequency difference between their oscillations
D. The angle difference between their oscillations
Answer: D. The angle difference between their oscillations.
Explanation: The phase difference between two oscillating systems is the angle difference between their oscillations at a particular point in time. It is usually measured in radians or degrees.
18. The amplitude of an oscillating system:
A. Increases with time
B. Decreases with time
C. Remains constant
D. Can be either increasing or decreasing depending on the system
Answer: D. Can be either increasing or decreasing depending on the system.
Explanation: The amplitude of an oscillating system can be either increasing or decreasing depending on the system and the presence of any damping forces.
19. The damping force in an oscillating system:
A. Increases the amplitude of the oscillation
B. Decreases the amplitude of the oscillation
C. Has no effect on the amplitude of the oscillation
D. Can increase or decrease the amplitude of the oscillation depending on the system
Answer: B. Decreases the amplitude of the oscillation.
Explanation: The damping force in an oscillating system decreases the amplitude of the oscillation by removing energy from the system.
20. A system is said to be critically damped when:
A. The amplitude of the oscillation increases without limit
B. The amplitude of the oscillation decreases without limit
C. The amplitude of the oscillation approaches zero
D. The oscillation returns to equilibrium position as quickly as possible
Answer: D. The oscillation returns to equilibrium position as quickly as possible.
Explanation: A system is said to be critically damped when the damping force is equal to the restoring force, resulting in the oscillation returning to equilibrium position as quickly as possible without overshooting.
21. A system is said to be overdamped when:
A. The amplitude of the oscillation increases without limit
B. The amplitude of the oscillation decreases without limit
C. The amplitude of the oscillation approaches zero
D. The oscillation returns to equilibrium position as quickly as possible
Answer: C. The amplitude of the oscillation approaches zero.
Explanation: A system is said to be overdamped when the damping force is greater than the restoring force, resulting in the oscillation gradually decreasing to zero without oscillating around equilibrium position.
22. A system is said to be underdamped when:
A. The amplitude of the oscillation increases without limit
B. The amplitude of the oscillation decreases without limit
C. The amplitude of the oscillation approaches zero
D. The oscillation returns to equilibrium position as quickly as possible
Answer: A. The amplitude of the oscillation increases without limit.
Explanation: A system is said to be underdamped when the damping force is less than the restoring force, resulting in the amplitude of the oscillation increasing without limit.
23. The quality factor (Q-factor) of an oscillating system is a measure of:
A. The amplitude of the oscillation
B. The damping in the system
C. The frequency of the oscillation
D. The period of the oscillation
Answer: B. The damping in the system.
Explanation: The quality factor (Q-factor) of an oscillating system is a measure of the damping in the system, defined as the ratio of the energy stored in the system to the energy lost per cycle due to damping.
24. The beat frequency produced by two oscillating systems with frequencies f1 and f2 is equal to:
A. f1 + f2
B. f1 - f2
C. |f1 - f2|
D. f1 x f2
Answer: C. |f1 - f2|.
Explanation: The beat frequency produced by two oscillating systems with frequencies f1 and f2 is equal to the absolute value
25. A wave with a frequency of 100 Hz has a period of:
A. 0.01 seconds
B. 0.1 seconds
C. 1 second
D. 10 seconds
Answer: B. 0.1 seconds.
Explanation: The period of a wave is the time it takes for one complete cycle of the wave to occur. It is the reciprocal of the frequency, so a wave with a frequency of 100 Hz has a period of 1/100 seconds, which is 0.01 seconds.
26. The wavelength of a wave is:
A. The time it takes for one complete cycle of the wave to occur
B. The distance between two adjacent peaks or troughs of the wave
C. The distance traveled by the wave in one second
D. The amplitude of the wave
Answer: B. The distance between two adjacent peaks or troughs of the wave.
Explanation: The wavelength of a wave is the distance between two adjacent peaks or troughs of the wave. It is measured in meters or any other unit of length.
FIVE BONUS QUESTIONS
27. The velocity of a wave is equal to:
A. Frequency x wavelength
B. Frequency / wavelength
C. Wavelength / frequency
D. Wavelength + frequency
Answer: A. Frequency x wavelength.
Explanation: The velocity of a wave is equal to the product of its frequency and wavelength. This relationship is commonly known as the wave equation: velocity = frequency x wavelength.
28. The type of wave in which the particles of the medium oscillate perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation is called:
A. Transverse wave
B. Longitudinal wave
C. Surface wave
D. Electromagnetic wave
Answer: A. Transverse wave.
Explanation: In a transverse wave, the particles of the medium oscillate perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. Examples of transverse waves include light waves and waves on a string.
29. The type of wave in which the particles of the medium oscillate parallel to the direction of wave propagation is called:
A. Transverse wave
B. Longitudinal wave
C. Surface wave
D. Electromagnetic wave
Answer: B. Longitudinal wave.
Explanation: In a longitudinal wave, the particles of the medium oscillate parallel to the direction of wave propagation. Examples of longitudinal waves include sound waves and waves in a spring.
30. The amplitude of a wave is:
A. The distance between two adjacent peaks or troughs of the wave
B. The maximum displacement of a particle in the medium from its rest position
C. The time it takes for one complete cycle of the wave to occur
D. The number of cycles of the wave that occur in one second
Answer: B. The maximum displacement of a particle in the medium from its rest position.
Explanation: The amplitude of a wave is the maximum displacement of a particle in the medium from its rest position. It is a measure of the strength or intensity of the wave, and it is usually measured in meters or any other unit of length.
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