Hi friends
Do you know energy transfer play a significant role in this real world and affect our daily lives. It has changed our world of thinking. As we all of us know that there is a simple concept of energy conservation i.e. Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed but it can be transferred from one form to another. Today we will learn about a complex system of energy transfer which changes the automobile industry and now it is the backbone of auto industry without which modern automotive system cannot work. This system is called as Internal Combustion Engine. Let's learn about it in detail.
Internal Combustion Engine
An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a type of heat engine where the combustion of fuel occurs internally. In this type of engine fuel passes through various stages so that it can be transformed into great Power source due to which vehicle run. It's the primary power source for most vehicles, including cars, motorcycles, trucks, and some aircraft.
Basic Components of IC Engine
IC Engine is made up of some components which helps in the energy transfer. These are as follows:
1. Cylinder Block: It houses the cylinder where combustion occur and help as a building block for complete structure.
2. Pistons: It is fitted inside the cylinders and move up and down due to combustion forces which is generated when the fuel is ignited.
3. Crankshaft: It converts the linear motion of pistons which is produced due to heat energy into rotational motion.
4. Camshaft: It controls the opening and closing of intake and exhaust valves with the help of fuel injection pump.
5. Valves: There are two types of valve in the internal Combustion Engine, One is intake valves which bring in air and fuel, and other is exhaust valves expel combustion gases.
6. Fuel System: Delivers fuel to the cylinders and comprises of following components i.e. Fuel tank, Fuel filter,Fuel pipe line, Fuel injection pump,Fuel feed pump, High pressure pipeline, Injector, Overflow pipe line.
7. Ignition System: Generates a spark (in gasoline engines) or compression (in diesel engines) to ignite the fuel. It comprises of Battery, Starter motor, charging alternator,EM valve (in cold region) , ignition switch etc.
Operating Cycle:
1. Intake Stroke: The intake valve opens, and the piston moves down, towards bottom dead centre drawing in a mixture of air and fuel.
2. Compression Stroke: The intake valve closes, and the piston moves up towards top dead centre, compressing the air-fuel mixture.
3. Power Stroke: Near the top of the compression stroke, the spark plug ignites the air-fuel mixture (in gasoline engines), causing an explosion. The resulting rapid increase in pressure forces the piston down, generating power. But in case of diesel engine pre compressed air is sent to the combustion chamber due to which fuel air mixture is ignited at the end of compression stroke which forces the piston towards bottom dead centre to generate the power.
4. Exhaust Stroke: The exhaust valve opens, and the piston moves up again, pushing out the exhaust gases . These exhaust gases used as a driving force for turbocharger which is used to send pre compressed air in combustion chamber in the diesel engine.
Types of ICE:
1. Gasoline Engines: Use spark plugs to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.
2. Diesel Engines: Use compression to ignite the fuel injected into the cylinder.
Efficiency and Performance:
1. Thermal Efficiency:Thermal efficiency is a measure of how efficiently an engine or a heat engine converts heat energy from its fuel into useful mechanical work or power output. Typically ranges from 25% to 30% for gasoline engines and 35% to 40% for diesel engines.
2. Power Output: Measured in horsepower (hp) or kilowatts (kW), influenced by factors like engine size, design, and fuel type.
1 Horse power=746 watt
Advantages:
1. Power and Torque: Capable of producing high power and torque outputs relative to their size and weight. These engine are very efficient and effective in all kinds of weather situation.
2. Versatility: Can be adapted for various applications, from small cars to large trucks and even power generators.
Limitations:
1. Emissions: Produce pollutants like carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter which is causing global warming.
2. Fuel Efficiency: Often less efficient than electric motors, especially in city driving.
Future Trends:
1. Hybridization: Combining ICEs with electric motors for improved efficiency . In today's trend this can be a game changer of auto industry.
2. Electrification: Transition towards fully electric vehicles for reduced emissions and greater efficiency and using solar energy for effectiveness.
In summary, internal combustion engines have been a cornerstone of transportation and industry for over a century, offering robust power and flexibility despite evolving challenges related to emissions and efficiency.
THANKYOU FOR READING.
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